Soil

15.09.2025 22:14:33

The goal is to create an IoT device for monitoring the movement of nutrients in the soil profile. Sensors for the analysis of soil properties are placed vertically in the soil profile every 100 mm. The first sensor is 70 mm deep, the second 170 mm, the third 270 mm and the fourth 370 mm deep. The device will make it possible to analyze the rate of seepage of water and nutrients during rain and to analyze the leaching of nutrients into the lower soil profile, where nutrients are no longer available to plants.

The measurement system is built on the basis of a five-electrode sensor of soil properties, which is connected to the ESP processor via the RS485 bus. The measuring system is powered by a photovoltaic panel and the accumulator is charged for device operation. Data is sent via WiFi to the database. The sensors measure temperature, humidity, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, soil conductivity, pH, salinity, as a supplement for IoT devices it also sends battery voltage, PV panel voltage, battery capacity and WiFi signal.

Battery voltage 4.20 V
Panel voltage 0.00 V
Battery capacity 100.00 %
Battery temperature 15.62 °C
Photoresistor 34.00 Ω
RSSI -52.00 dBm
Soil

70 mm

Temperature 17.52 °C
Moisture 36.86 %
Nko 41.20 mg/kg
Pko 142.20 mg/kg
Kko 135.20 mg/kg
Vodivost 385.20 mS/m
pH 6.50
Salinity 211.20 mS/m
TDS 192.20

170 mm

Temperature 17.40 °C
Moisture 30.16 %
Nko 32.40 mg/kg
Pko 121.80 mg/kg
Kko 114.80 mg/kg
Vodivost 342.20 mS/m
pH 8.80
Salinity 187.80 mS/m
TDS 170.80

270 mm

Temperature 16.90 °C
Moisture 29.18 %
Nko 38.00 mg/kg
Pko 134.40 mg/kg
Kko 127.40 mg/kg
Vodivost 368.60 mS/m
pH 9.00
Salinity 202.20 mS/m
TDS 184.20

370 mm

Temperature 16.80 °C
Moisture 30.58 %
Nko 32.00 mg/kg
Pko 120.20 mg/kg
Kko 113.20 mg/kg
Vodivost 339.00 mS/m
pH 8.65
Salinity 186.00 mS/m
TDS 168.60