Soil

17.09.2025 21:02:36

The goal is to create an IoT device for monitoring the movement of nutrients in the soil profile. Sensors for the analysis of soil properties are placed vertically in the soil profile every 100 mm. The first sensor is 70 mm deep, the second 170 mm, the third 270 mm and the fourth 370 mm deep. The device will make it possible to analyze the rate of seepage of water and nutrients during rain and to analyze the leaching of nutrients into the lower soil profile, where nutrients are no longer available to plants.

The measurement system is built on the basis of a five-electrode sensor of soil properties, which is connected to the ESP processor via the RS485 bus. The measuring system is powered by a photovoltaic panel and the accumulator is charged for device operation. Data is sent via WiFi to the database. The sensors measure temperature, humidity, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, soil conductivity, pH, salinity, as a supplement for IoT devices it also sends battery voltage, PV panel voltage, battery capacity and WiFi signal.

Battery voltage 4.20 V
Panel voltage 0.00 V
Battery capacity 100.00 %
Battery temperature 7.62 °C
Photoresistor 37.00 Ω
RSSI -53.00 dBm
Soil

70 mm

Temperature 16.10 °C
Moisture 32.32 %
Nko 33.80 mg/kg
Pko 124.80 mg/kg
Kko 117.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 347.80 mS/m
pH 6.60
Salinity 190.80 mS/m
TDS 173.80

170 mm

Temperature 16.56 °C
Moisture 28.32 %
Nko 27.00 mg/kg
Pko 110.00 mg/kg
Kko 102.40 mg/kg
Vodivost 317.40 mS/m
pH 7.20
Salinity 174.00 mS/m
TDS 158.40

270 mm

Temperature 16.40 °C
Moisture 28.10 %
Nko 35.00 mg/kg
Pko 127.00 mg/kg
Kko 120.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 353.20 mS/m
pH 9.00
Salinity 194.00 mS/m
TDS 176.20

370 mm

Temperature 16.50 °C
Moisture 29.88 %
Nko 30.00 mg/kg
Pko 116.20 mg/kg
Kko 109.20 mg/kg
Vodivost 331.00 mS/m
pH 8.68
Salinity 181.80 mS/m
TDS 165.20