Soil

03.09.2025 17:48:51

The goal is to create an IoT device for monitoring the movement of nutrients in the soil profile. Sensors for the analysis of soil properties are placed vertically in the soil profile every 100 mm. The first sensor is 70 mm deep, the second 170 mm, the third 270 mm and the fourth 370 mm deep. The device will make it possible to analyze the rate of seepage of water and nutrients during rain and to analyze the leaching of nutrients into the lower soil profile, where nutrients are no longer available to plants.

The measurement system is built on the basis of a five-electrode sensor of soil properties, which is connected to the ESP processor via the RS485 bus. The measuring system is powered by a photovoltaic panel and the accumulator is charged for device operation. Data is sent via WiFi to the database. The sensors measure temperature, humidity, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, soil conductivity, pH, salinity, as a supplement for IoT devices it also sends battery voltage, PV panel voltage, battery capacity and WiFi signal.

Battery voltage 4.20 V
Panel voltage 6.52 V
Battery capacity 100.00 %
Battery temperature 26.80 °C
Photoresistor 4095.00 Ω
RSSI -62.00 dBm
Soil

70 mm

Temperature 21.26 °C
Moisture 29.80 %
Nko 38.00 mg/kg
Pko 134.00 mg/kg
Kko 127.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 367.60 mS/m
pH 7.60
Salinity 201.60 mS/m
TDS 183.60

170 mm

Temperature 19.82 °C
Moisture 25.56 %
Nko 21.00 mg/kg
Pko 94.60 mg/kg
Kko 87.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 285.60 mS/m
pH 8.67
Salinity 156.60 mS/m
TDS 142.60

270 mm

Temperature 18.80 °C
Moisture 17.68 %
Nko 12.00 mg/kg
Pko 75.00 mg/kg
Kko 67.60 mg/kg
Vodivost 245.60 mS/m
pH 7.85
Salinity 134.60 mS/m
TDS 122.60

370 mm

Temperature 18.64 °C
Moisture 22.50 %
Nko 17.00 mg/kg
Pko 86.00 mg/kg
Kko 78.40 mg/kg
Vodivost 267.60 mS/m
pH 7.55
Salinity 146.40 mS/m
TDS 133.20