Soil

22.07.2025 06:51:22

The goal is to create an IoT device for monitoring the movement of nutrients in the soil profile. Sensors for the analysis of soil properties are placed vertically in the soil profile every 100 mm. The first sensor is 70 mm deep, the second 170 mm, the third 270 mm and the fourth 370 mm deep. The device will make it possible to analyze the rate of seepage of water and nutrients during rain and to analyze the leaching of nutrients into the lower soil profile, where nutrients are no longer available to plants.

The measurement system is built on the basis of a five-electrode sensor of soil properties, which is connected to the ESP processor via the RS485 bus. The measuring system is powered by a photovoltaic panel and the accumulator is charged for device operation. Data is sent via WiFi to the database. The sensors measure temperature, humidity, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, soil conductivity, pH, salinity, as a supplement for IoT devices it also sends battery voltage, PV panel voltage, battery capacity and WiFi signal.

Battery voltage 4.20 V
Panel voltage 4.30 V
Battery capacity 100.00 %
Battery temperature 13.01 °C
Photoresistor 3900.00 Ω
RSSI -57.00 dBm
Soil

70 mm

Temperature 18.08 °C
Moisture 21.84 %
Nko 14.00 mg/kg
Pko 79.00 mg/kg
Kko 71.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 253.00 mS/m
pH 6.30
Salinity 139.00 mS/m
TDS 126.00

170 mm

Temperature 19.30 °C
Moisture 19.26 %
Nko 8.00 mg/kg
Pko 65.00 mg/kg
Kko 58.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 225.00 mS/m
pH 9.00
Salinity 123.00 mS/m
TDS 112.00

270 mm

Temperature 19.60 °C
Moisture 18.40 %
Nko 14.00 mg/kg
Pko 79.80 mg/kg
Kko 72.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 254.80 mS/m
pH 9.00
Salinity 139.80 mS/m
TDS 127.00

370 mm

Temperature 19.56 °C
Moisture 23.34 %
Nko 18.00 mg/kg
Pko 88.00 mg/kg
Kko 81.00 mg/kg
Vodivost 272.20 mS/m
pH 8.85
Salinity 150.20 mS/m
TDS 136.60